Total Quality Management (TQM) Principles

TQM defined -
as a “commitment to continuous improvement of quality” not just in industry but also totally in Society.

Idea divides in 3 basics (OBJECTIVES)-
  • CUSTOMER SATISFACTION.
  • DEFECT PREVENTION.
  • EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION.
Walter A Shewhart (1924, 1931) : Statistical method to the problem of Quality Control.
William Edward Deming (Mathematical Physicist) extended Shewhart’s philosophy of gaining control over variability in manufacturing process.
Deming’s philosophy- “reduce variation” – Statistical Process Control or, SPC
1939-’45 America greatly benefited from his advice on the technique of sampling and statistical control that led to manifold productivity increases and cost saving.

W. E. Deming & Juran Massage

  1. Commit to quality improvement throughout your organization;
  2. Attack the process not the employee;
  3. Strip down the process & eliminate problems that diminish quality;
  4. Identify your customers and satisfy their requirements;
  5. Instill teamwork and create an atmosphere for innovation and permanent quality improvement.
Brief description of the concept:

  1. Commitment to Continuous Improvement of Quality: Improvement of quality of products and services can not be achieved only by acting short periods of time or concentrating on a few parts of industry or society.
  2. Focusing of customers expectations. Chryler has three rules: “ Satisfy the customer, satisfy the customer and satisfy the customer” In Quality Management Philosophy, CUSTOMER is a golden word, whether it is inside the company or in society.
  3. Developing a Quality Management System.
It needs gap analysis first.

4. Root Cause Identification:
Customer dissatisfaction, falling profit and bankruptcy – all these are symptoms of poor quality. However, the real cause of these problems are usually hidden and difficult to identify.
Statistical process control/ check list/ brainstorming/ fishbone diagram/ Pareto charts etc.

5. Developing a communication system.
  • Inside
  • Outside
  • For up-to-date information about customers expectation, information is required about their likes and dislikes
  • Inside the organization that will record and analyze problems relating to defects &
  • How to solve ideas from employees first.
6. Employee motivation
Quality: -defined by customers, -objectives by managers,
- but it is the employees who will finally make quality improvement possible.
Allowing employees to be involved in the decision-making process is the only way to motivate them to work towards quality improvement.

7. Training for quality.
Yet Quality management is not thought as a separate discipline in the traditional Management
So, training needed for
- Managers &
- Employees

STEPS to achieve the OBJECTIVES ?
  • Focusing on Customer expectation.
  • Developing a quality measurement system.
  • Identifying Root causes.
  • Developing a communication system.
  • Employee Motivation.
  • Training for Quality.
  • Process Improvement.
Attack the
Process / System,
not to The Person

W Edwards Deming: Japan’s Road Map of Quality.
Key quality problems is in managements hand-
- 80% due to system
- 15% due to employees
Heart of Quality Strategy is Statistical Control to identify Special & Common causes of variation.

Deming’s Management Principles
  1. Create and published to all employees a statement of the aims and purposes of the company;
  2. Learn the new management, top management and everybody;
  3. Understand the purpose of inspection for improvement of processes and reduction of cost.
  4. End the practice of awarding business on the basis of price tag alone;
  5. Improve constantly forever the system of production and service;
  6. Institute training (for skills);
  7. Teach and Institute Leadership;
  8. Drive out fear, Create trust- create a climate of innovation;
  9. Optimize toward the aims and purposes of the company the efforts or teams, group staff areas, too;
  10. Eliminate exhortations for the workforce;
  11. a) Eliminate numerical quotas for production. Instead learn and institute methods for improvement. b) Eliminate MBO (management by objectives). Instead, learn capabilities of processes and how to improvement.

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